Hearder´s Family
Hotel
Revised January 2023
Introduction
As an ardent map collector, my interest in trade cards was sparked by finding some of the extremely attractive Liebig cards dating back to 1872, a number of which had maps on.[1] Other companies producing trade cards also included maps but the date of all these is usually post-1880. A few printers and publishers also produced trade cards before this date including John Cooke of London, who advertised his work on one with a map when he moved from London to Mill Hill in 1792 and another without a map from his Finsbury Square address some years later.[2] However, trade cards with maps are comparatively rare so I was quite excited when I came across the following in a U.S. dealer's catalogue:
Hearder's Family Hotel Torquay. Advertising Card 3.5" x 5" w/litho & ornate borders; map on back. Ca. 1850.
Fig. 1. Hearder´s Family Hotel as seen on the trade card from c.1846.
The Trade Card
I immediately went through the purchase procedure and then had to wait (anxiously) for four weeks while my purchase arrived (via customs in Hamburg, at the other end of the country!). The object that arrived was a very early trade card for a hotel in Torquay, my home town. The front of the card had a very pleasing illustration of the hotel, situated at the harbourside (Fig. 1).
To the viewer´s left is the end of the street known simply as Strand.
This was a popular tree-lined retail street with shops on one side, all facing
the harbour opposite. Shoppers can be seen strolling under the trees and a
carriage is coming down the street from Babbacombe and St. Marychurch towards
the harbour where one boat is moored. The hotel is an imposing structure in the
centre of the picture. Writing frames the illustration advertising Hearder´s
many other services: Excellent Commercial Room – Wines and Spirits - Post Horses
&c – Good Stables – Coach Houses. The hotel was in a position to
accommodate all classes of visitor and rent out transport for them to explore
the area.
The hotel was also perfectly located to take advantage of the budding
tourist trade: with the harbour in front of it and a south-facing aspect, at
the end of the newly built Strand to the viewer´s left and with Torwood Street
rising between – the easiest route to take to the popular locations such as
Kents Cavern, Ansty´s Cove and Babbacombe.
As a map collector I was itching to know more about the map on the back:
would it be a street map, area map or a county map. As it turned out it was a map
of the immediate area up to 15 miles from Torquay (Fig. 2).
The map actually shows the area from Teignmouth in the north to Dartmouth
in the south; and from Torquay and Brixham in the east to Totnes and Ashburton
in the west. All the larger towns have the milage indicated from Torquay. It
was common in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to include mileages from
London, and even Devon maps with mileages from London to Exeter, Devonport or
Plymouth by different routes listed in a table[3] are
known, but indicating distance from a relatively unimportant town is a rarity for
such an early map. No railway is shown: The GWR arrived in Newton in 1846, and
the line continued to Torre in 1848 but it did not extend to Torquay until 1859.
A short stretch of canal is shown between Teigngrace and Newton: this was the
Stover canal.
Fig. 2. Map of Torquay as seen on the trade card from c.1846.[4]
The Strand in the early 1800s
At the end of the eighteenth century, and judging by views made at the time (Fig. 3), Torquay (or Tor Key) had been just a loose collection of fisherman´s houses grouped around the small cove, a fairly populous village surrounding Torre Church (Torre or Tormoham) and a spattering of villas built for naval officers. However, Andrew Brice stated in 1774 that it was large enough to have “five houses of entertainment”.[5] These were the Bird-in-Hand (later became the London Inn), the Crown and Anchor, The London Inn (on the site of the later Royal Hotel), the Shallop and the Old Inn.[6]
Much of the development of the Strand did not commence until 1806. The Strand was approached by two routes, both downhill: Union Street joined at Abbey Place, while Torwood street joined from the north west. There was no direct route to Paignton, the Torbay Road along the coast not being built until the 1840s.
Fig. 3. Torquay: Abbey Place and the Strand, 1800.[7]
Views of the 1820s to 1830s show the Strand and the Old Quay at the foot of Park Hill with a line of two-storey buldings stretching almost the whole length of the harbour´s two sides (Fig. 4). In 1828-1833 there was a flurry of building activity and a number of premises were improved and expanded, including two of Torquay´s leading hotels, the Royal Hotel and Marchetti´s Family Hotel.
Fig. 4. Torquay: the Strand (left) and the Old Quay (opposite), 1821.[8]
Octavian Blewitt, writing in the second edition of his Panorama of
Torquay (1832), reported: “The Family Hotel of Mr. Marchetti, the Confectioner,
is well entitled to general notice. This Hotel is quiet and respectably supported.
The accommodations are good and the attention and civility experienced in the
establishment add not a little to its popularity. The proprietor is a restaurateur
and will be found particularly useful to those families who prefer occupying
private lodgings to a residence in either of the Hotels. Connected with it are
the Beersheba Mews, a commodious range of livery stables and coach-houses situated
near the Independent Chapel in Park Street.”
These two hotels would be rivals for the next 25 years or so with few
competitors except for the countless “lodging houses” which were not regarded with
the same status as a “hotel”. Most views portray either the Strand and the Royal
is prominent or they show the Old Quay (later Victoria Parade) and only the
Family Hotel is now clearly shown. The latter would eventually be come
Hearder´s Family Hotel
One of the earliest guide books to the county, the Route Book of
Devon (1845), reveals that: “The principal inns [in Torquay] are the Royal
Hotel, on the Strand, and Hearder's Family Hotel, opposite. The
former contains an assembly room, very chastely fitted up, having an
orchestra, with other conveniences for balls and concerts; the latter, a very
good subscription reading and news room.[9]
This was extended in the second edition to read: Excellent lodgings with
board may also be had at Apsley House, under the conduct of Mr Marchetti.”[10] Unfortunately,
there were few views in the original editions from 1845-51.
However, when the guide book was reprinted in c. 1854 there were copious
engravings and one is a view of the two hotels (Fig. 5).[11] It
is one of the few views to show both hotels and their close proximity to each
other but was not printed until 1854 when Thomas Webb was manager at the Royal
and Marchetti had moved to his new hotel. The view shows that both buildings
had been extended, each having a third floor added to the original building. Facing
the reader is the Royal but the sign over the door is WEBB'S HOTEL. To the
right, and therefore at an angle, is the Family Hotel, however the engraver, G
Townsend of Exeter, has written REARDER on the hotel sign. Whether this was deliberate
or not is not known, but it was very possibly an error as he has correctly
identified Webb's Hotel, referring to the landlord at the time, Thomas Webb, lessee
until November 1866 before moving to the Imperial Hotel.
Fig. 5. Torquay´s two premier hotels, pub. by Besley c. 1854. Author´s collection.
It is interesting to note that this one of the few vignette engravings
to be changed by Henry Besley soon after publication. Although other views (also
of the Strand) were updated later, this view was withdrawn almost immediately.
The scene as first published shows the two hotels and two ladies are seen
walking towards the viewer who would be stood in Victoria Parade (named in
honour of the young Princess) which skirts the harbour on its north side.
The two are twin sisters, Arabella and Eliza Durnford, who lived in
Torquay throughout the 1840s but had probably moved back to Alphington, Exeter,
by the time George Townsend drew them. Coming to Torquay accompanied by two donkeys,
which they were later forced to sell, they became well known locally as the Alphington
Ponies[12]. They
took a stroll along the harbourside at precisely 3 p.m. every day. These two
women were replaced by two riders on horseback in the same view published only
a year later. Interestingly, the trade card has a pair of ladies taking a
stroll along the Strand, to be seen on the extreme left of the view (Fig. 6).
Fig. 6. Hearder´s Family Hotel trade card (detail).
In 1825 Sir L V Palk, the area´s largest landowner, obtained an Act of Parliament for reorganizing and clarifying lease-holdings of his. An indirect consequence of this was a considerable incentive to build and it further pushed Torquay´s growth. The establishment of Marchetti´s Family Hotel (later Hearder´s) in 1828 being a prime example.[13]
Pigot and Co.´s Commercial Directory for 1830[14] only lists two “Inns”: the Commercial (and posting house) of Thomas Cole in Torwood St. and Poulton`s Hotel (and posting house) under William Poulton (Fig. 7). Octavian Blewitt in his Panorama of Torquay of the same year[15] reports that the Royal Hotel: “under the management of Mr Poulton, will afford every accommodation to the invalid or tourist.” This hotel was actually owned by Sir L V Palk and “enlarged and partly rebuilt on an extensive scale, in 1828.” Poulson´s became known as the Royal for some time before the visit of young Princess Victoria in 1833, aged 14.
Fig. 7. A view of Poulton´s Royal Hotel and Strand, c.1840.[16]
The Duchess of Kent[17]
together with daughter, Princess Victoria, visited Torquay on August 1st,
1833. They landed at the harbour and hastily-summoned schoolchildren lined up as
they made their way to the Royal Hotel. After visiting Mrs Whitehead in
Babbacombe the royal visitors returned to the Royal where they received several
of the local gentry.[18]
The Whitehead family lived in a large house right on the beach, later
called The Glen. Mrs Whitehead had attended the baby princess Victoria and was
a lady-in-waiting to the princess’s mother.[19]
The history of Marchetti and Hearder´s hotel is interesting. It was not easy
for Marchetti to obtain his licence. When, he applied to the magistrates at the
Petty Sessions (then held at Newton) for a hotel licence the application was refused
on the grounds that a second hotel was not wanted in Torquay! The Rev. J. Yonge,
vicar of Torre, asserted that a second hotel would be prejudicial to the
morals of the town.[20]
Further opposition to a license being granted was
raised by the ground landlord of the Royal Hotel (Fig. 7), Sir Lawrence
Vaughan Palk who maintained that if the licence were granted, the value of (his)
Royal Hotel would be reduced by £100 a year.[21]
Sir L. V. Palk, one of the founders of modern Torquay, then objected
that Marchetti, by erecting a portico (which was also similar to that at the Royal),
had encroached on his Manorial rights. A party of workmen was sent to take it
down, but they did not dare to, as Marchetti stood at the entrance with a drawn
sword in his hand and threatened to cut down the first man who made an attempt.
Marchetti appealed to the Quarter Sessions (Spring Assizes 1830), and the
decision of the magistrates was reversed and in the legal proceedings that
followed, Marchetti won his case, as according to his lease, his right extended
all the way to the quay.[22]
However, the arrival of visitors, whether invalids or tourists, including
members of the aristocracy, (British and Foreign royalty
often chose to stay at hotels in preference to renting villas) soon
meant more beds becoming necessary and most opposition ceased. What would have happened
to the growth of Torquay as a seaside resort if Yonge or Palk and others had
got their way no-one knows.
Joseph Marchetti had been born in Carrera, Italy, about 1800 but had
moved to Torquay. He married a local woman called Mary from Ashburton some five
years older than himself.[23]
He leased the premises from Gilbert Hearder but left the hotel after a fire and
Sarah Hearder took over.
By the early 1840s, Thomas Webb´s Royal Hotel and Sarah Hearder’s Family
Hotel were seen as
select and highly-respectable establishments to which people came to enjoy
hotel life as well as the delights of the seaside and were so
popular that The Torquay and Tor Directory and Advertiser,
published by Edward Cockrem gave them particular attention (Fig. 8).[24] The
two hotels were usually listed next to each other according to the roads they
were located in, (the Strand being followed almost immediately by Victoria Parade)
but from Friday August 14th 1846 they were given a special section
at the end of the usual List of Residents and Visitors. That week Webb´s
was playing host to the Countess of Mount Edgcumbe, Lord Valletort, Hon.
Charles Mount Edgcumbe and Lord and Lady Wellesley, for example, while Hearder´s
was entertaining Sir James and Lady Charlotte Copley.
In 1850, while the Royal was praised for its
large Assembly Room (very chastely fitted up for balls, concerts, &c),
across the road at Hearder´s Family Hotel is a spacious Subscription Reading
and News Room.[25]
This would be where the local and national papers would be set out for the use
of guests.
Fig. 8. Tor and Torquay Directory delivered to S C Hearder Family Hotel on November 7th, 1845.
Hearder´s Family Hotel
According to both White (1878)
and Ellis (1930) Marchetti´s Family Hotel had begun in 1828, the year the Royal
Hotel was enlarged, presumably with the third storey seen in Townsend´s
vignette for Besley. Ellis maintains that Joseph Marchetti´s hotel had only
been going for a few years when it was destroyed by fire on January 11th, 1833
and the hotel premises were then rebuilt and taken over by W Hearder who proceeded
to operate under the name Hearder's Family Hotel and Stamp Office, and Marchetti
moved to Apsley House.[26] However, the hotel had
been leased to Gilbert Hearder since at least 1815.[27]
Gilbert Hearder was a cabinet
maker and auctioneer in Torwood Street (or Torwood Row) as early as 1823
(Pigot) but it is Sarah C Hearder who is listed as Cabinet Maker at Torwood
St in the 1830 Pigot´s Directory,[28] and
was possibly the Mrs Hearder, upholder (i.e., upholsterer),
of Torquay, who advertised in Exeter
Flying Post, 4 June 1829 as supplier of catalogues for sale by
auction at Messrs Hearder's of Newton Abbot on 11 June 1829. In 1832 Blewitt
listed Sarah as both cabinet maker and as undertaker (making
coffins?), and he also listed a T C Hearder at Torwood Row as Toys and Fancy
Stationers, but this could well have been Sarah also selling other items from
her premises.
Sarah renewed the lease of the
hotel premises on the death of Gilbert in 1829 and was always listed as the
proprietor of the Family Hotel, e.g., in Pigot's Directories of 1844 and 1852
and again in Billing´s directory of 1857,[29] and probably gave it its
name. By 1857 the number of Hotels, Inns and Taverns had risen to 23, of
which only probably eight were hotels. The list is headed by “Apsley House
family hotel and boarding house, J Marchetti”.[30]
During this period, it was not unusual for women to have their own business,
especially one which they had inherited. This would be the case if Sarah
(Coyte) Hearder was the wife of Gilbert. It was also quite normal for a wife to
run one part of a business while their husband ran a separate enterprise and Hunt
(1848) lists: Hearder´s Hotel, (fam.
& board.) Victoria par, Hearder Sarah C. (with added mention *Posting Houses) as well
as Hearder Sarah Coyte, Victoria prd under Flys, Post Horses, &c,
for hire (but not as Livery Stable Keeper). In 1848[31] William Hearder is at 1, Victoria parade as Chemist
& Druggist and by 1857 as Wine and Spirit Merchant (but
at Beacon Terrace). The inclusion of the beverages businesses on the trade card
would make sense only if they were closely related. W Hearder is never
associated with the hotel directly.
In the Torquay and Tor Directory, coach services to Exeter to meet
the trains were advertised from both Royal and Hearder´s hotels in the summer
of 1846 and these are given as Hearder´s Family Hotel (for the “Dart”)
(Fig. 9a) and the Royal Hotel of M(aria) Webb & Co.,
Proprietors of the South Devon Railway Office (Fig. 9b). From November
1845 to June 5th1846, Cockrem included a special section of coach services
from the hotels in his newspaper: Coaches leaving Mrs Webb´s Royal Hotel
and Coach leaving Mrs Hearder´s Family Hotel. Maria
Webb is given as proprietor as early as Pigot´s Directory of 1844 and coach information
is found in the Tor and Torquay Directory c.1845-6 but it is Thomas Webb
in Pigot´s of 1854. Maria may have died in 1848[32].
Figs. 9a and 9b. Advertisement for coach services from Hearder´s Hotel (above) and the Royal under Mrs Webb (below) in August 1846.[33]
Fig. 10. Advert for the Queen´s Hotel in Eyre´s guide to hotels 1881.
In the early 1870s the proprietor of Queen´s was Mrs William Henry Love (Kelly´s 1873). Born Rebecca Edwards Glanville, she had married her husband on 7th April 1858 in Westminster, London. Both his father and her father were licensed victuallers and William Henry had probably just served his apprenticeship in one of their enterprises as he, too, was entered as licensed victualler. [36] From at least 1877, Hugh Charles Bolt, who advertised in directories by White and Eyre (Fig. 10)[37], was at the Queen´s Hotel, while Southam Cash was now manager at the Victoria & Albert Hotel and the Royal was under the stewardship of A S Foxlow. Thomas Webb, an early manager of the Royal was now at the newly built Imperial Hotel. H C Bolt did not stay long at Queen´s, by 1879 he was managing the Moor Park Hotel in Chagford (Kelly).
Fig. 12. View of The Queen´s Family Hotel in 1889.[38]
Fig. 13. Postcard of Strand with Queen´s Family Hotel c. 1910.[39]
The Queen´s hotel had a fairly long lifetime as can be seen on advertisements of the day and in old views of Torquay. At the end of the 19th century the Queen´s proprietor was Thomas Harrison as part of his West of England Hotels Ltd (Figs. 11, 12 and 14). They operated not only the Queen´s in Torquay, but also the Royal Hotel in Teignmouth, the Royal in Devonport and the Castle and Clarke´s hotels in Taunton as well as the Whitsand Bay Hotel in Cornwall.[40]
Fig. 14. Advertising postcard for Harrison´s Queen’s Hotel c. 1920.[41]
The Queen´s was not pulled down until 1935. It was then replaced by the
structure seen today (January 2023, Fig. 14), opening in August 1937. In
the 1950s and 60s it was being run by A B Clare and R A Clare and later by R A
Miller.
Fig. 15. Early advertising of the rebuilt Queen’s Hotel c. 1964.[42]
It is a prime example of art-deco, one of few remaining buildings in the
area of that era: the hotel on Burgh Island, used by Agatha Christie, being
another.[43] Although
it has gone through refurbishment and is known as Queen`s Quay with luxury
apartments, it has lost some of its former attraction (Fig. 16).
Nevertheless, you have the chance
to acquire: a piece of Torquay history!
Previously being the ‘Queens Hotel’, this apartment is one not to be missed.
With two double bedrooms, master with en-suite, modern fitted kitchen with built
in appliances, balcony off of the lounge and a short walk to Torquay Marina.
At least one apartment fitting this description was on sale in early 2023 for
just under a quarter of a million pounds.[44]
Fig. 16. Queen´s Quay apartments c.2020 after refurbishment.[45]
The Hearders - Torquay
The Hearders were a traditional
South Devon family with roots in the Newton Abbot area in the 1700s (Teigngrace,
Highweek and Wolborough).[46] Gilbert was the son of George Hearder and Sarah.
Among his nine brothers and sisters were a William (b.1801), Jonathan (b.1804),
Henry and Joanna Sleep (b.1809): all his siblings were born in Cockington,
Torquay. In 1814 Jonathan Hearder together with W and H Hearder were listed as boys
registered at Torquay village school being run by Benjamin Edwards.[47]
In 1810 G Hearder took on a lease at the Quay from Sir
Lawrence Palk.[48]
Gilbert became a cabinet maker, upholder (upholsterer), dealer and chapman c.1813–24[49]. He was acting as “attorney”
in a land transaction in 1813 involving George Cary (a major Torquay landowner),
and is cabinet maker.[50] According to the court
case concerning Marchetti mentioned above, Gilbert obtained a demise (i.e.,
a lease) on an unspecified dwelling house in Torquay from the landowner,
Sir L V Palk as early as 1815.[51] Gilbert died in 1829 and
his widow and administratrix Sarah Coyte Hearder … took a renewal of the
term. From the description of a portico belonging to the building, this
must have been the hotel premises.
Despite being declared bankrupt in 1816[52] and a sale of stock in
trade being announced a week later, Gilbert was trading at the Old Quay, Torquay
1823–24 according to a notice in the Exeter
Flying Post.[53] In Pigot´s Directory for
1822-23 he is listed at the Old Quay as cabinet maker and auctioneer. He
married Sarah Coyte Hoopell of Plymouth at Stoke Damerel on 11th
August 1807. Although baptised at Spitalfields, in Stepney 1781, Sarah´s family
were actually from Bigbury, Devon. Gilbert and Sarah had nine children, all born
and registered in Tormoham (i.e., Torquay) between 1807 and 1820, including George
Elliott (b.1810) and Lawrence (b.1815)[54]. Gilbert died in Tormoham
in 1829.
The first mention of a William Hearder in Torquay is on December 26th, 1822[55]. William Hearder agreed to supply 'good beef at seven farthings per pound and good mutton at threepence per lb' to the 'Poor House of Tormoham'. The William of Victoria Parade, however, was born at Stoke-in-Teignhead, son of Henry Hearder and Sibella c.1821. In the 1841 census he was living in Marylebone, London and was just 20. It is thought he may have been studying or training there. He married Elizabeth Eleanor (Ellen) Jane Utton of Stoke-in-Teignhead in June 1845. In the 1841 census she was aged 18 living with a farmer, John May, in Stoke-in-Teignhead.
Fig. 17. Advert for Hearder´s Torbay Medicine
Establishment.[56]
Directory entries record Wm
Hearder as Chemist and Druggist at (1) Victoria Parade as early as 1848, as
family chemist at the same address in 1857 (Billing), and trading as Hearder
& Riches in 1878 (Fig. 17). William Hearder was recorded as living
in Warberry Road, Torquay from as early as 1866 (Kelly´s) and I Victoria Parade
was clearly a business premises. The London Gazette for April 13th
1888 bears two public announcements, probably announcing his retirement from
working life: in the first he parts company with Thos. Riches, with whom he had
run a Chemist´s and Druggists business; and in the second the
partnership with Frederick Grimshaw, as Wine, Spirit, and Cider Merchants,
Tea Dealers, and Mineral Water Manufacturers is dissolved. On December 1st 1893,
W Hearder opened the Torbay Club in Beacon Terrace.
Thomas Riches had been the
Principal Dispenser and Medical Store Keeper for Her Majesties Naval Hospitals
at Greenwich and Plymouth (Devonport) for 14 years. The business may have
started earlier than 1848 as they had been running “nearly half a century” when
the partnership was dissolved.
Fig. 18. Advert for Hearder & Grimshaw.[57]
The reference to wines and
spirits on the trade card must refer to the cellars where in previous years
several schooners (called Bankers), belonging to two local families, used to bring
their fish home from Newfoundland in the fall and lodge it in cellars on Victoria
Parade. Later these became the wine stores at No. 32 belonging to William Hearder.
The wines and spirits business seems to have been run as William Hearder &
Co. and listed in Billing's directory (1857) as wine and brandy merchants at the
Torquay Club Wine Vaults at 12, Beacon Terrace (along the street), and in Kelly's
(1866) directory as importer of wines and spirits in Victoria Parade.
In 1878 this partnership is recorded
as Hearder & Grimshaw, wine spirit, ale and porter merchants (and insurance
agents) at 23 Victoria Parade (White's). But the business was established in
1845 according to an advertisement (Fig. 18). The partner was probably
William Grimshaw of Sunderland, grocer, tallow chandler and wine merchant. Frederick
Grimshaw who was given as visitor (aged 24) to the Hearder family in the
1871 census would have been the partner´s son but he himself was already a wine
and spirit merchant from Sunderland.[58]
From at least 1866 (Kelly´s)
William had a house, Rocombe (named after his father´s farm), in the Warberries
above the harbour and lived there with wife and children, Mary Ellen (born
1850) and Henry (born 1852), as well as cook and general servant. William died in
1904 (22nd August) and Elizabeth in 1898 aged 75.
George Elliott Hearder (Sarah´s son) is mentioned in several directories: he was clerk to the magistrates in 1850 (White's 1850[59]); clerk to the magistrates, clerk to local board of health, Sub-Distributor of stamps and agent for Atlas Fire and Life Office with home address in Victoria Parade (Billing 1857); resigned as solicitor to the Local Board in 1867 (Ellis); was clerk to the magistrates and agent with address in Torwood Street (White's 1878); and living in Chelston Cottage, Cockington (Deacon's Court Guide 1882). Indeed, in September 1867 he retired from the Clerkship of Torquay Board of Health and was awarded a gratuity of 200 Guineas. The inhabitants of Torquay also subscribed a testimonial and he was further presented with 200 guineas and a silver teapot in February the following year.[60]
Fig. 19. Torquay, from the Pier. Woodcut engraving by G
P Hearder. [61]
The Hearders - Plymouth
The Torquay Hearders were directly related to the Hearders of Newton
Abbot as we have seen with Sarah in contact with auctioneers there in 1829. C H
Hearder was operating as printer, stationer, &c as well as running Hearder’s
Library (in connection with Mudie) from 2, Wolborough Street, Newton Abbot
in 1890 according to Allday’s Illustrated
Guide.
There was a Plymouth side of the Hearder family: they were umbrella and fishing
tackle makers from the 18th century. George Hearder (b.1762) and his brother Jonathan (b.1775) began the business. Jonathan Hearder was registered as an umbrella maker at 28
Buckwell Street, Plymouth (Pigot and Co.s
National Commercial Drectory, 1830). He
is even listed as one of Plymouth's Constables in A Picture of Plymouth (1812).
Jonathan left the business to his son, Jonathan Nash Hearder[62]
who was followed in turn by his son, William Sleep Hearder (1849-1910). By the
1870s Hearder and Son were operating from 195, Union Street, Plymouth, offering
a range of different services from sports equipment (for cricket, archery,
croquet etc) to magic lanterns for hire. They advertised themselves as General
Fishing Tackle Makers to Her Majesty's Government, HMS Challenger and Arctic Expedition. They were still umbrella,
parasol and walking-stick manufacturers with a new patent lock-rib umbrella.[63] In 1840 Jonathan Nash Hearder married his cousin, Johanna
Sleep Hearder (Gilbert´s sister, b. 20th July, 1809 in Cockington)
after his first wife died. The company issued at least two maps especially for
Fishermen c. 1888.
George Parry Hearder (1811-1844) was
the son of Jonathan Hearder and Mary Hannah Parry and the brother of Jonathan
Nash Hearder, 1809-1876, a famous British electrical
engineer, inventor, and educator
best known for his work in developing alternative experimental procedures for
use by the blind and vision impaired. George Hearder was a printer and
publisher as well as an engraver on wood (Fig. 19). He published a monthly
magazine which ran from 1833-1836, The
South Devon Monthly Museum.[64]
The Trade Card and its Map
The trade card is 90 x 125 mm, assuming the card to be held with the picture
of the hotel to the front and horizontally (i.e., landscape). The map is set with
north-south being the longer (i.e., portrait) within borders 95 x 77 mm with Hearder's
Family Hotel above and Torquay below (both centrally). There is a
scale 5 mile=30 mm (Ae) and simple compass (Ad). So far, the source of the map
has not been identified but C Smith in 1801 (see Fig. 21) and John Cary
in 1807 (see Fig. 22) both produced maps at almost identical scales, i.e.,
a map of Devon at the same scale (as the trade card) or approx. 475 x 520 mm.[65]
There are slight traces of a signature being removed, bottom right.
There are stars for rocky coasts,
present in both Smith's and Cary's maps, but the precise course of the roads
has been updated to show new developments and the turnpikes, clearly differentiated
in Smith and Cary, are not shown as such. The mileages in Cary and Smith both
represent the length of turnpike from one station to the next; Hearder shows
mileages from Torquay.
All three
maps show the Ruins of a Fort at Teignmouth but only Cary and Hearder´s
show the Stover canal by Teigngrace. Cary also includes one of the areas important
inns, i.e., Traveller's Rest on the Ashburton-Newton road. While Cary named
the Hundreds (Torquay is in Haytor HD), Smith numbered them
and added a table. Hearder omits them (almost) altogether.
The trade card map has a number of more modern spellings: Paington, today
Paignton but regularly spelt Painton (both Smith and Cary); ; Totnes (Hearder)
replaces Totness; Babicombe (Smith and Cary) had a variety of spellings but
evolved to become Babbicombe (see Hearder) and later Babbacombe (modern) –
Smith and Cary name the bay, Hearder the village; NEWTON BUSHEL was for a long
time the premier town (see Cary), but later NEWTON ABBOT(S) became prominent, already
acknowledged by Smith but not in Hearder´s.
The name for Torquay varies: all mapmakers have Tor Mohun where
Torre village would be but Cary also a small Tor-wood leading towards Tor
Quay (1st edition); these two would be combined to form Tor
Quay in later editions (from 1820s). Smith clings on to the three separate
names throughout its publication. Hearder clearly has TORQUAY and Tor
Mohun is still a separate village.
The hill shading on the trade card is markedly different and better executed
than in the two maps quoted above, and there is more of it, stretching almost
unbroken from West Ogwell village to the outskirts of Churston Ferrers.
This is the only contemporary map seen with a line of hills in this
position, although Cary´s 1st edition did have hill shading to show
coast which was quickly removed for later issues. This hill shading resembles that
in Edward Croydon's map in The Teignmouth Guide of 1826 engraved by W
Read (Figs. 20 and 23).
William Read (fl. 1817-1844), of King St. near Covent Garden,[66] was engraver, printer, lithographer and draughtsman known only for a handful of maps,[67] although he did execute views for Jane Gore and J Knighton of Dawlish in 1828.[68] Edward Croydon was a well-known publisher of views and was a neighbour of the Hearders, his Royal Library being also on Victoria Parade.
Fig
19. Detail of William Read´s Map of Torquay for Croydon (c.1841).
There
are a number of similarities between Read and Cary. In the area of Marldon, Cary
had a turnpike just missing the village and a parallel road to the west. Both the
Hearder map and Read´s map follow this. Like Cary, the
Hearder map´s artist has the two small parts of Wonford Hundred below the river
Teign east of Newton Abbot and the area at Ogwell (both simply numbered 22 by Smith)
and almost in exactly the same script as Cary as well as naming the other
Hundreds, following Cary.
There
are a few variations to this pattern where Read seems to follow Smith: in the
naming of coastal places below Brixham, both Read and Smith are reflected in
the typography in Hearder´s map.
Read
omitted mileages for his map for Croydon so it would have been easy to include
mileages from Torquay for Hearder. His Tor Quay occupies the location of
the Tor Wood in Cary (and Tor Quay near Hope´s Nose omitted). Read
has Paignton (Hearder) and NEWTON BUSHEL (Cary and Hearder) but not TOTNES
(Hearder). Hearder´s map shows no details west of the road Dartmouth-Totnes-Ashburton-Newton-Teignmouth
and a compasss has been added. Interestingly, Highweek and Teigngrace (associated
with the Hearder family) are shown north of the Teign. Extensive hill shading
is still present but shifted further west of the road from Totnes to Newton
Abbot.
Other
producers of maps in the Devon area at the time who could possibly have
executed the map include Richard Brown of Exeter. Brown executed at least three
maps of Devon: Edward Cockrem, another neighbour of the Hearders
at the Strand, Torquay, included a sketch map by Brown of Torbay in Octavian
Blewitt´s second edition of his Panorama (1832). Thomas Moore´s 1836 volumes of
his History of Devonshire had a map of The City Of Exeter (dated 1835)
engraved by W Schmollinger of London, published by R Colliver, Exeter and Drawn
by R Brown.[69]
In
1841 Brown drew a map of Plymouth, Stonehouse and Devonport for William Wood
which was reprinted by Henry Besley in his earliest Route Books.[70] None
of Brown´s maps used any hill shading except for the first; and this only
delineates Dartmoor. Richard Brown is registered as an Architect and as Professor
of Architecture in Pigot (1844) residing at 5 Upper Eaton Place on the Heavitree
Road in Exeter.
Edward
Cockrem employed a number of persons to contribute to the maps that he
commissioned besides Brown including I Lang M.D., Edward Appleton, an architect
from Torquay as well as engravers/lithographers from Exeter such as O Angel and
W Spreat.[71]
Only the latter is known to have also drawn views and plans of local estates,
usually for auction catalogues.
However,
despite many differences, Read remains the best contender. His map, possibly
based on that of Cary, has been updated. No doubt the drawing he was provided
with had new information, or changes that the customer wanted. William Read had
originally prepared the map for Croydon´s 1826 The Teignmouth Guide but
adaptations of the guide with new title The Torquay Guide appeared, with
an issue in 1841 with no railway, and in 1848 (three years after he died) as a Torquay
Guide Third Edition with the South Devon railway added as well as a
slightly amended title.[72]
Comparison
of Hearder´s Trade Card map with Cary, Smith and Read 1.
1. Hearder and Smith (A New Map of
Devon: circa 1801)
Fig
21. Detail of Smith´s Map showing Torbay compared to Hearder´s map.
NOTES:
|
1.
No Traveller´s Rest inn 2.
Ruins of a Fort shown 3.
Babicombe Bay named 4.
Wonford HD - number 5.
Hundreds numbered 6.
TOTNESS 7. Minimal Hill
shading (Smith) 9.
Stars to show dangerous coast 10.
NEWTON ABBOTS (Smith) |
11.
Turnpike through Marldon (Smith) 12.
Painton (Smith)
Hearder only: 13. Mileages from
Torquay 14.
Highweek and Teigngrace 15. Watcombe, Petit
Tor and Kents Cavern (tourist attractions) 16. BABBICOMBE
added 17. TORQUAY |
Comparison
of Hearder´s Trade Card map with those of Cary, Smith & Read 2.
2. Hearder and Cary (A New Map of Devon: circa 1824)
Fig
22. Detail of Cary´s Map showing Torbay compared to Hearder´s map.
NOTES:
|
1.
Traveller´s Rest inn 2.
Ruins of a Fort shown 3.
Babicombe Bay named 4.
Wonford HD - named 5.
Hundreds named 6.
TOTNESS 7. Minimal Hill
shading (Cary) 9.
Stars to show dangerous coast 10.
NEWTON BUSHEL |
11.
Turnpike passes Marldon 12.
Painton (Cary)
Hearder only: 13. Mileages from
Torquay 14.
Highweek and Teigngrace 15. Watcombe, Petit
Tor and Kents Cavern (tourist attractions) 16. BABBICOMBE
added 17.
TORQUAY |
|
|
|
Comparison
of Hearder´s Trade Card map with those of Cary, Smith & Read 3
3. Hearder and Read (A Map of Torquay: circa 1826)
Fig
23. Detail of Read´s Map showing Torbay compared to Hearder´s map.
NOTES:
|
1.
Traveller´s Rest inn 2.
Ruins of a Fort omitted 3.
Babicombe Bay named 4.
Wonford HD - named 5.
Hundreds named 6.
TOTNESS 7. Extensive Hill
shading east of Marldon 9.
Stars to show dangerous coast 10.
NEWTON BUSHEL |
11.
Turnpike passes Marldon 12.
Paington
Hearder only: 13. Mileages from
Torquay 14.
Highweek and Teigngrace 15. Watcombe, Petit
Tor and Kents Cavern (tourist attractions) 16. BABBICOMBE
added 17.
TORQUAY |
Dating the Trade Card
The engraving of the hotel is attractive and bordered by advertising as
mentioned. The name of the hotel is attractively written in two types: Hearder's
Family Hotel. Torquay. Below the
illustration we are told that they are: Agent for Lodging Houses and also
Undertakers of Funerals. The left border has the wording: An Excellent
Commercial Room. Wines and Spirits Of A Superior Quality, while the right hand
has Post Horses, Carriages, Landaus, Flys &c. Good Stables And Lock Up
Coach Houses, both in attractive curling writing with flourishes. The trade
card refers to the wines and spirits as well as the funeral businesses but not
the chemist and druggist side.
Dating the card is not easy but we do have some clues. Hearder´s Family
Hotel was at 3, Victoria Parade, held on a 99-year lease, first by Gilbert Hearder
(from 1815) and subsequently by his widow, Sarah Coyte Hearder (from 1829). In
1833 she is reported as running the Family Hotel. Black´s Guides were issued almost
annually and lists the main hotels briefly at the beginning of each section:
in 1860 and 1862 issues, the hotel is Family Hotel and Hearder´s
respectively. Black did not update thoroughly, but John Murray in his more
infrequent Handbooks did: he has Hearder´s Hotel in an issue of 1859
(1860), but Queen´s Hotel in 1863. We can be fairly sure the hotel changed
hands about this time.[73]
There being no direct rail connection until December 1848, the provision
of transport was important. The trade card mentions this in some detail and, in
addition, two coaches called at Mrs. Hearder's Family Hotel: while Charles Lightfoot´s
Neptune was driven to Teignmouth twice a day by from Hearder´s, and from
Rowe' s Commercial Hotel to meet the 9 o´clock cheap up train (mornings);
the Dart called at the hotel on its service between Teignmouth and Dartmouth after
meeting the 3 o´clock Express.
Stabling was clearly available but Sarah was never registered as a stablekeeper:
there was ample stabling behind the row of houses on the Old Quay. Before the
railway reached Torre carriages were vital, and even after the railway arrived in
Torre and Torquay[74]
coach and horses were needed to bring guests the 1 1/2 miles from either station.
More affluent guests would have availed themselves of the opportunity to go for
coach rides (in a fly or a landau) and the various guide books recommended
excursions for the day, only possible by carriage.
The front of the card also mentions Undertaker of Funerals which
is a clear link to Sarah´s skills as a cabinet maker and harks back to the 1832
entry where she is undertaker in Torwood Row. However, these are the
only two references of this side of the business and indicates that this was not
continued very long. On the other hand, most business people had other sources
of revenue; hence, her also being an Agent for Lodging Houses. In
Cockrem & Elliott´s small guide to Torquay (1841), Mrs S C Hearder is House
Agent and only three years later, Lawrence is so registered at the same
address (Pigot). The wines and spirits mentioned, very probably refer to
Sarah´s neighbour, William, who was already at No. 1 by 1848 as chemist and possibly
earlier. He was undoubtedly a close relative, maybe a cousin, but the actual
connection is not known.
The view of the hotel is an attractive woodcut and there is also a distinct
possibility that George Parry Hearder produced the engraving of the hotel for
Sarah. George died on 9th November 1844 from a cancer, indicating the
trade card engraving would then predate this.
The trade card can certainly be dated to 1833-1860 by the ownership of
the hotel by Sarah Hearder. If the view of the hotel was by G P Hearder it must
have been drawn before 1844. The only other copy of the hotel view known is
pasted into a guide book of Torquay published in 1841. The map was probably adapted
from a pre-1846 edition of an existing map of Devon, most probably Cary and /
or Read´s earlier map, and can be dated by the absence of any rail link to either
Torquay or Newton Abbot.[75] If
William Read, who had distinctive hill-shading, did engrave the map, it was
before 1845 as Read died that year. Possibly printed about 1840, but not later than
1846 it certainly must be one of the earliest trade cards to include a map.
APPENDIX
1 – All references to Hearder or the Family Hotel
|
|
Marchetti´s Family Hotel / Hearder´s Family Hotel /
Queen´s Hotel |
Gilbert and Sarah C Hearder Other |
Directory /Guide / Source |
|
1810 |
The dates
of some of the leases as here given … G Hearder (afterwards Manning´s), the Quay,
1810; |
|
White J T
(1878) p.127 footnote. |
|
1815 |
By indenture, dated August 10, 1815, Sir Lawrence
Palk demised to Gilbert Hearder, a dwelling-house for ninety-nine years,
determinable upon lives, yielding a certain rent … |
|
Doe dem. Palk Bart. v. Marchetti Quoted in proceedings before the Court of
King´s Bench judgement dated Jan. 14. 1831 |
|
1822 |
|
Hearder Gilbert, Cabinet
Maker and Auctioneer, Old Quay Poulton, William Tavern/Inn (Hotel), Strand |
Pigot |
|
1826 |
By virtue of the above indenture, Hearder took
possession of the premises, which he, in December 1826, demised to the
defendant for fourteen years … |
Quoted in proceedings before the Court of King´s Bench
dated Jan. 14. 1831. |
Doe d. Palk v. Marchetti |
|
1828 |
Hotel is built and Joseph Marchetti opens |
|
White J T (1878) Quoted p.152 Ellis 1930 Quoted in p.353 |
|
1829 |
Hearder died in 1829, and his widow and administatix
surrendered the premises and the lease, and took a renewal of the term. |
Quoted in proceedings before the Court of King´s
Bench dated Jan. 14. 1831. |
Doe d. Palk v. Marchetti |
|
1830 |
The family hotel of Mr Marchetti, the confectioner,
can also be recommended to general notice; the proprietor is a restarateur,
and will be found particularly useful to those families who prefer occupying
private lodgings to a residence in either of the Hotels. |
|
Blewitt 1st |
|
1830 |
|
Hearder Sarah, Torwood Street Cabinet
Makers Poulton´s Hotel (& posting house) William Poulton,
Strand |
Pigot |
|
1830 |
Marchetti “presented” for littering page 134 Ditto page 280 |
|
White 1878 Ellis 1930 Court Book extract |
|
1832 |
The family hotel of Mr Marchetti, the confectioner,
was established in 1828, and is well entitled to general notice. This Hotel
is quiet and respectably supported. The accommodations are good, and the
attention and civility experienced in the establishment add not a little to
its popularity. The proprietor is a restarateur, and will be found
particularly useful to those families who prefer occupying private lodgings
to a residence in either of the Hotels. |
Hearder S C Torwood Row Cabinet
Makers Hearder S C Torwood Row Undertakers Hearder T C Torwood Row Toy Shop and Fancy Stationers Also has GP Hearder´s woodcut |
Blewitt 2nd |
|
1833 |
Marchetti´s Hotel Destroyed by fire on January 11th,
1833, it was, when rebuilt, taken over by W Hearder |
|
Ellis 1930 p354 |
|
1842 |
Hearder´s Family Hotel -Stamp Office with list of guests |
|
Cockrem Torquay and Tor Directory: Friday October 7th. |
|
1844 |
|
Hearder´s Hotel, Sarah C Hearder, Victoria
Parade Royal Hotel, Maria Webb, Strand |
Pigot |
|
1845 |
|
Hearder & Grimshaw established See advert from article |
|
|
1845
|
The principal inns [in Torquay] are the Royal Hotel,
on the Strand, and Hearder's Family Hotel, opposite. The former contains an assembly
room, very chastely fitted up, having an orchestra, with other conveniences
for balls and concerts; the latter, a very good subscription reading and news
room. |
|
Route Book 1st
Edition |
|
1846
|
Original text extended to read: Excellent
lodgings with board may also be had at Apsley House, under the conduct of Mr
Marchetti. |
|
Route Book 2nd Edition |
|
1848 |
|
Hearder´s Hotel, (fam. & board.) Victoria par Hearder Sarah C.
(*Posting Houses) also Hearder Sarah Coyte, Victoria prd under Flys,
Post Horses, &c, for hire but not as Livery Stable Keeper Hearder William, 1, Victoria parade under Chemists &
Druggists and Hearder G Elliott, 3 Victoria par s Atlas (Fire & Life) agent Also Cash Southam, 12, Strand, as Linen & Woollen
Draper (& Silk Mercer) |
Hunt |
|
1850 |
Hearder´s Hotel, Sarah C Hearder, Victoria parade. Also has GP Hearder´s woodcut |
Hearder Wm, Victoria parade. as Chemist and Druggist |
White |
|
1851 |
Hearder´s Hotel |
|
Murray |
|
1852 |
|
Hearder´s Hotel, Sarah Coyte Hearder, Victoria parade ATLAS (fire and life) George Elliott Hearder, Victoria parade Hearder William, 1 Victoria Parade Chemist & Druggist |
Pigot |
|
1854 |
Ditto (view with 2 ladies) (see 1846) |
|
Route Book - New |
|
1856 |
Ditto (view with 2 riders) (see 1846) |
|
Route Book - New |
|
1856 |
Hearder´s Hotel |
|
Murray |
|
1856 |
Hearder Sarah Coyte,
(Mrs), Hearders family hotel, Victoria parade |
Hearder George Elliot, clerk to
the magistrates & local board of health, Town Hall And Hearder, William, chemist
& manufacturer of mineral waters, 1 Victoria parade |
Kelly´s |
|
1857 |
Hearder Sarah C.., family hotel and boarding house,
Victoria Parade. *
|
Cash Southam, 12, Strand, as Linen Draper* And Hearder George E, Clerk to Magistrates, to the Local Board of Health,
Sub-Distributor of Stamps, and agent to the Atlas Fire and Life Office, Town
Hall; h Victoria Parade* And Hearder William, family chemist, 1 Victoria Parade* And Hearder William and Company, wine and brandy merchants, Torquay Club
Wine Vaults, 12, Beacon ter.*
|
Billing * And in classified section |
|
1859-60 |
Hearder´s Hotel |
|
Murray |
|
1860 |
Royal Hotel, Family Hotel, Apsley House, London Hotel |
|
Black´s PT |
|
1862 |
Royal, Family, Apsley, Hearder´s London |
|
Black´s D & DCD |
|
1862 |
Royal, Family, Apsley, Hearder´s London |
|
Black´s D C D |
|
1863 |
Queen´s Hotel |
|
Murray |
|
1865 |
Queen´s Hotel |
|
Murray |
|
1866 |
The Royal and the Queen´s (both on the Strand) … |
|
Black´s DCD |
|
1866 |
Cash Southam, proprietor of the Queen´s family
Hotel, Victoria parade |
Hearder W esq. Rocombe, Higher Warberry Rd, and Hearder W & Co., importers of wines and spirits, Victoria parade. Hearder,
Daves & Co., chemists, 1 Victoria parade |
Kelly´s |
|
1871 |
Queen´s |
|
Route Book |
|
1872 |
---- |
|
Murray 3 |
|
1873 |
Love William Henry, (Mrs) Queen´s Hotel Victoria
parade. . |
Hearder & Grimshaw, importers of wines and spirits, cider growers,
mineral water manufacturers &c., Agents for Bass & Co., Burton, and
sole agents for Ind. Coops & Co., Romford; offices and wine stores,
Victoria parade. Cider stores and mineral water depot, New quay. Hearder & Riches, chemists, 1 Victoria parade. Hearder George Elliott, sub-distributor of stamps, 26 Torwood Stret. |
Kelly´s Cash Southam, manager to the Victoria & Albert
Hotel, Co., Ltd, Belgrave road. And Imperial Hotel & Co., Ltd, (IH), (Thomas Webb
manager) Park Hill road
|
|
1877 |
Queen´s (Family), facing the Strand, H C Bolt, propr
(see advert P.135) |
|
Eyre WP |
|
1878 |
Marchetti – 1828 p.152. |
Also has GP Hearder´s woodcut |
White J T |
|
1878-9 |
Bolt Hugh Charles, victualler, Queen´s Hotel
(f&c), 3 Victoria parade |
Hearder Geo E, Clerk to magistrates, & agent for Atlas Insce.
Co., Town hall, Abbey rd. h 20 Torwood st. Hearder & Grimshaw, wine, spirit, ale & porter merchants, & agents
for London Ass Corporation, 23 Victoria parade Hearder & Riches, chemists, 1 Victoria parade Hearder William (H & Grimshaw); h Rocombe, Warberry raod
Higher. |
White W |
|
1879 |
Queen´s, Belgrave Road |
|
Murray |
|
1880 |
Queen´s facing the Strand, H C Bolt, propr. |
|
Eyre WVP 2 |
|
1881 |
Queen´s Victoria parade, H C Bolt, propr. |
|
Eyre H (advt p.235) |
|
1887 |
Queen´s |
|
Murray |
|
1888 |
|
William Hearder announces termination of two partnerships |
London Gazette |
|
1889 |
Harrison Thomas, Queen´s Hotel, Victoria parade,
Torquay List |
See advert p. 37
and Hearder William D.SC., Ph.D., FCS Rocombe, Higher Warberry Rd,
Torquay |
Kelly´s |
|
1895 |
Harrison Thomas, Queen´s Hotel, Victoria parade,
Torquay |
|
Kelly´s |
|
1914 |
Queen´s Hotel, family & commercial (Harrison´s
West of England Hotels Ltd. proprietors.) Victoria parade: & at
Teignmouth …. |
Harrison´s West of England Hotels Co. Ltd. Queen´s
Hotel, Victoria parade. |
Kelly´s |
|
1930 |
Queen´s Hotel (Harrison´s West of England Hotels Ltd.
proprs.) Victoria par. |
|
Kelly´s |
|
1939 |
Queen´s Hotel (Gibbons Hotel (Torquay) Ltd. proprs.)
Victoria par. |
|
Kelly´s |
Select Bibliography
|
Directory /Guide / Source |
|
|
|
|
|
Besley Route Book 1st Edition 1845 |
Henry Besley, The Route Book of Devon (First Edition).
Exeter, publ. c.1845. |
|
Besley Route Book 2nd Edition 1846 |
Henry Besley; The Route Book of Devon – Second Edition.
Exeter, publ. c.1846. |
|
Besley Route Book - New 1853 or 54 |
Henry Besley; The Route Book of Devon – New Edition.
Exeter, publ. c.1853-54. |
|
Besley Route Book - New 1854 or 55 |
Henry Besley; The Route Book of Devon – New Edition.
Exeter, publ. c.1854-55. |
|
Billing 1857 |
M Billing´s Directory and Gazetteer of the County of
Devon; M Billing; Birmingham;
1857. |
|
Black´s D 1862 |
Black´s Guide to the South-Western Counties of England
– Devonshire (1st Edition),
1862. |
|
Black´s D C D 1862 |
Black´s Guide to the South-Western Counties of England
– Dorsetshire, Devon and Cornwall (1st Edition); 1862. |
|
Black´s D C D 1863 |
Black´s Guide to the South-Western Counties of England
– Dorsetshire, Devon & Cornwall (2nd printing); 1862 (1863). |
|
Black´s P T 1860 |
Black´s Picturesque Tourist of England; Edinburgh; 1860. |
|
Blewitt 1830 |
The Panorama of Torquay, A Guide to the instutions,
scenery, and antiquities of Torquay, and its vicinity; Torquay; Printed and Published for the Author, by
Edward Cockrem; 1830. |
|
Blewitt 1832 |
The Panorama of Torquay, Second Edition; Octavian Blewitt; Edward Cockrem; Torquay;
1832. |
|
Cockrem 1841 |
A Guide to Torquay: Cockrem & Elliott; Torquay; 1841. |
|
Cockrem 1845-6 |
Torquay and Tor Directory: various issues 1845-46. |
|
Doe dem. Palk Bart. v. Marchetti 1831 |
Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in The Court
of King's Bench; Saunders
& Benning; London; 1831. |
|
Ellis 1930 |
Arthur C Ellis; An Historical Survey of Torquay, 2nd
edn; 1930. |
|
Eyre´s Hotels 1881 |
Eyre´s Hotels of the UK Second Edition; Eyre Brothers; London; 1881. |
|
Eyre´s Watering & Visiting Places 1880 |
Eyre Brothers´ Watering and Visiting Places of the
South of England Second Edition; Eyre Brothers; London; 1880. |
|
Eyre Watering Places 1877 |
Eyre's Watering Places of the South of England Eyre Brothers; London; 1877. |
|
Hunt 1848 |
Hunt & Co.´s Directory & Topography; E Hunt & Co.; London; 1848. |
|
Kelly´s 1866 |
The Post Office Directory of Somerset and Devon with
Bristol; Kelly and Co.; London;
1866. |
|
Kelly´s 1873 |
The Post Office Directory of Devonshire &
Cornwall; Kelly and Co.; London;
1873. |
|
Kelly´s 1889 |
Kelly´s Directory of Devon & Cornwall; Kelly & Co.; London; 1889. |
|
Kelly´s 1893 |
Kelly´s Directory of Devon & Cornwall; Kelly & Co.; London; 1893. |
|
Kelly´s 1914 |
Kelly´s Directory of Devonshire; Kelly and Co.; London; 1914. |
|
Kelly´s 1930 |
Kelly´s Directory of Devonshire; Kelly´s Directories Ltd; London; 1930. |
|
Kelly´s 1939 |
Kelly´s Directory of Devonshire and Somerset; Kelly´s Directories Ltd; London; 1939. |
|
London Gazette 1888 |
The London Gazette; April 13, 1888. |
|
Murray 1860 |
John Murray; A Handbook for Travellers in Devon and
Cornwall. Fourth Edition, Revised; London; 1859 but 1860 (June). |
|
Murray 1863 |
John Murray; A Handbook for Travellers in Devon
and Cornwall. Fifth Edition, Revised. London. 1863 (July). |
|
Murray 1865 |
John Murray; A Handbook for Travellers in Devon
and Cornwall. Sixth Edition, Revised. London. 1865. |
|
Pigot 1823 |
Pigot
and Co.'s London & Provincial New Commercial Directory, for 1823-4; J Pigot
and Co.; London; 1823-24. |
|
Pigot 1830 |
Pigot and Co.´s National Commercial Directory; J Pigot and Co.; London; 1830. |
|
Pigot 1844 |
Pigot and Co.´s Royal National and Commercial Directory
and Topography; I Slater; London;
1844. |
|
Pigot 1852-53 |
Slater´s (Late Pigot and Co.´s) National Commercial Directory
and Topography; Isaac Slater; London;
1852-3. |
|
Report & Transactions - Devonshire Association 1865 |
Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association
for the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art. London, Taylor & Francis, 1865. |
|
White J T 1878 |
White, J T; The History of Torquay, Printed
at the “Directory” Office; Torquay; 1878. |
|
White W 1850 |
White, William; History, Gazetteer, and Directory
of Devonshire; Sheffield and Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., London; 1850. |
|
White W 1878-9 |
History, Gazetteer and Directory of Devon; W White; Sheffield; 1878-9. |
Author´s Books on Devon Maps and Mapping
Batten, Kit; John Cooke – Engraver and
Publisher; private printing; Second Edition 2022; Stuttgart.
Batten and Bennett, Printed Maps of Devon
1575-1837, Devon Books, 1996.
Batten, Kit; Edward Cockrem and the Durnford Sisters; copy
privately printed and held at Devon Archives and Torquay Public Library; or
online at Kit´s Blog: https://edward-cockrem-torquay-life-and-works.blogspot.com/2022/08/edwardcockrem-and-durnford-sisters.html
Batten, Kit; The Tourist Maps of Devon; Little Silver Press;
Exeter; 2011. An up-to-date version is online at Kit´s Blog.
Batten, Kit; Jennings vs Fisher; privately printed; 2023.
Bennett, Francis & Batten, Kit; Printed Maps of Exeter;
Little Silver Press; Exeter; 2010.
Web sites of interest:
Devon Heritage: https://www.devonheritage.org/stentiford/Issue_38/Article3/5Feb3art1.htm
Network Torbay https://www.networktorbay.uk/old-torquay.html
In Your Area https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/bygones-the-style-and-history-of-torquays-harbourside-heart/
English Riviera https://www.englishriviera.co.uk/accommodation/4-queens-quay-p2918063
Devon Live https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/gallery/closure-pizzaexpress-terrible-fires-blighted-4467725
KIT BATTEN, February 2023
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Kit
Batten, 'Justus Liebig's Trade Card Maps' in IMCoS Journal, Summer 1998,
pp 19-23.
[2] Kit Batten; John Cooke – Engraver
and Publisher; private printing; Second Edition 2022; Stuttgart. Cooke´s trade
cards are freely accessible via British Library website.
[3] Batten
and Bennett, Printed Maps of Devon 1575-1837, Devon Books, 1996. See
entries 91 and 93.
[4] Actual size: 125 x 90 mm. Author´s collection. Only
one further example known: at Devon Archives which has been trimmed and then pasted
into a copy of Cockrem´s Guide to Torquay, i.e., only one side is
visible (sB.TOR.1841.GUI – card not catalogued).
[5] Ellis (1930) quoted Andrew Brice´s Grand
Gazetteer of 1774, p. 332. Ellis´s survey is probably the most extensive,
and richly illustrated, work on Torquay´s history.
[6] Ellis (1930), ibid.
[7] “From a pencil sketch by E. Vivian”
and found in Ellis (1930) P.333.
[8] “The Harbour and Park Hill in 1821”.
Print published by Edward Croydon and dedicated to Sir L V Palk, in Ellis
(1930) P.352 a companion view is shown of the Strand on P.334.
[9] Henry Besley; c.1845, p180.
[10] Henry Besley; c.1846, p.210.
[11] Henry Besley; c. 1853-5. Two identical
copies but for the differing vignettes (author´s collection).
[12] For more information on the Durnford Sisters see Batten, Kit; Edward
Cockrem and the Durnford Sisters; copy privately printed and held at Devon
Archives and Torquay Public Library; or online at Kit´s Blog: https://edward-cockrem-torquay-life-and-works.blogspot.com/2022/08/edwardcockrem-and-durnford-sisters.html
[13] White, J T; 1878; p.152.
[14] Pigot;
1830.
[15] Octavian Blewitt; 1830. Published by Edward Cockrem who
had premises at 10, Strand, only a few doors from the Royal Hotel.
[16] From Ellis (1931), p.343. From a
pencil drawing lent to Mr Ellis by F J Rogers, artist unknown.
[17] Princess Victoria of
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (real name Marie Louise Victoire) (17 August 1786 –
16 March 1861) became Princess of Leiningen in 1803. Becoming a widow with
two children she married Prince Edward, Duke of Kent in 1818. Shortly after the
couple moved to Germany (Leiningen, Amorbach and Eberbach), Victoria
became pregnant, and the Duke and Duchess, determined to have their child born
in England (as heir to the English throne) , raced back to England. Arriving
at Dover on 23 April 1819, Victoria gave birth to a daughter on 24 May 1819. Princess
Alexandrina Victoria of Kent would later become Queen Victoria.
[18] White J T (1878) p.153.
[19] From www.caryarms.co.uk: the Cary Arms was renovated by Lana de
Savary and husband Peter and is now a hotel and spa. The Glen stood opposite,
lower on the beach edge and was later owned by Mrs Whitehead´s niece, Emma Keyse:
check out the story of the “man they could not hang”!
[20] The history of the hotel is taken directly from Arthur
C Ellis; History of Torquay; 1931. P.354. Ellis recounts
that the story was set in 1832; but other sources indicate the hotel was already
operating as early as 1830, if not before. For example, Ellis himself also recounts that Marchetti
was admonished (or “presented”) by the Court of Torwood in October 1830 for: making
a dung heap in the public street at the back of his premises.
[21] Ellis (1930), ibid.
[22] The case concerning the portico is documented at DOE dem. PALK,
Bart. against MARCHETTI; 1831. Google on-line books. The case was quoted recently
(February 2022) in an article on transfers of lease, https://www.legalbites.in/
/. The incident with the drawn sword is only to be found in Ellis (1930) p. 354.
[23] Stentiford family archive online at devonheritage.org/stentiford/
and based on the 1851 census.
[24] Note that Cockrem
and Elliott (1841) have the Royal Hotel manager listed as Mr E Webb.
[25] White, William; 1850.
Also noted in various Route Books of the time.
[26] Approved by royalty, the Dowager Queen
Adelaide stayed at Apsley House in 1845, and in July 1854, Marie Amelia, ex-Queen
of the French. Marchetti was still occupying Apsley House as late as 1864-5.
Ellis (1931), p. 354.
[27] DOE dem. PALK, Bart. against MARCHETTI ibid.
[28] Pigot and Co.´s Directories of 1823 and 1830.
[29] Pigot and Co.´s (later Slater´s) Directories of 1844 and 1852 and M Billing; 1857.
[30] Billing (1857); those listed specifically as Hotels besides the Royal,
Apsley House and Hearders are the Commercial Hotel, Exeter Hotel, London family
and commercial, Railway Hotel and the Union family and commercial hotel and posting
house.
[31] Hunt & Co.; 1848.
[32] Devon Archives has a will for Maria Webb of Torquay
from 1848 (1078/IRW/W/345).
[33] Advert for the “Dart” from Torquay
and Tor Directory. This advert appeared on July 17th and August 14th
only. Advert for the South Devon Railway Office coach services from Torquay
and Tor Directory of June 19th 1846. This advert appeared on June
5th and June 19th only. (Author´s collection).
[34] Report and Transactions of the Devonshire
Association; 1865. page 10. Jonathan Nash Hearder´s
talk was: On a Mode of Preserving Iron Plating of Wooden Ships from the
corrosive action of sea water.
[35] From Allday´s Torquay and South
Devon Guide. Author´s collection.
[36] Glanville family tree online at www.glanvillenet.info/Relatives//.
[37] William White (1878) and adverts can be found in Eyre Brothers´ Watering
Places; 1878; and in Eyre´s Hotels (1881). For more information on the
Eyre Brothers see Kit´s Blog.
[38] Kelly´s Directory
1889.
[39] Torquay Tramways operated street trams from 1907. In 1911 it was
converted to conventional overhead-line supply. The line was extended
into Paignton in 1911 but was closed in 1934. Postcard from author´s collection.
[40] Seen on a postcard offered for sale via Ebay (January 2023).
[41] Photo courtesy of Devon
Live and David Mason.
[42] Photo courtesy of Devon
Live and David Mason.
[43] The fate of Colin Campbell House in
Plymouth has not yet been definitively decided (January 2023). It is sorely in
need of help. Fashion Mommy did a blog article (www.fashion-mommy.com/english-riviera-art-deco/?)
with some lovely examples of buildings in Torquay and area (June 2022).
[44] See advertisements at either rightmove.uk or
Connells.co.uk.
[45] Photo courtesy of English Riviera.
[46] For all information concerning the Hearder Family I am indebted to
the work of Sheila Yeo, Martyn Yeo and especially Ian Hearder. All of this is
freely available on the Yeo Family website. Any mistake in transcribing and interpretation
is my own. https://www.yeosociety.com/biographies/thehearderfamily.htm.
[47] White J T (1878) p.126 footnote. The school admitted boys and girls.
[48] White J T (1878) p.127 footnote. Text reads G Hearder (afterwards
Manning´s).
[49] Another Jonathan Hearder,
address unrecorded, was listed as a cabinet maker in 1803, subscribing to
Sheraton's Cabinet
Dictionary.
[50] Ian Hearder´s
family notes and taken from a Deed in County Record Office (Document number
466M/T48).
Feofment of Landscove on Roddon Hill in St
Marychurch, (Torquay). Messrs Matthews & Kingston to George Carey, Esq. 6
April 1813. Between John Lewis Matthews of St Marychurch, mariner, and Samuel
Kingston, labourer, and George Carey of Tor Abbey, Esq. for sale to Carey for
twenty pounds, a piece of land on Roddon Hill, St Marychurch. Vendors appoint Gilbert Hearder, cabinet
maker, of Torquay, and Robert Stark, surveyor, as attorneys. (The reason for
this is not clear as the vendors signed the deed themselves).
[51] DOE dem. PALK, Bart. against MARCHETTI; 1831.
[52] Western Luminary, 23 January 1816.
[53] See British History Online. Originally
taken from Dictionary of English Furniture
Makers 1660-1840, ed. Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert (Leeds, 1986), pp.
381-470. British History
Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dict-english-furniture-makers/h
[accessed 24 January 2023].
[54] Lawrence Hearder was registered in Pigot´s Directory of 1844 as house
agent, resident in Victoria Parade.
[55] This may well have been Gilbert´s brother, born in Torquay in 1801;
his children William and George Henry were registered in Newton Abbot.
[56] Illustration from unknown source.
[57] Illustration from unknown source.
[58] Colin Savage has a photo of a Hearder
& Co. wine bottle on his site: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/79516749648654492/.
[59] G E Elliott was still registered at the
Family Hotel. White, William; 1850.
[60] White J T (1878) p.280-1. The teapot
was in the possession of the Hearder family until it was stolen in a burglary
recently.
[61] This woodcut by GP Hearder of Torquay Strand in Panorama of Torquay, Second Edition by Octavian Blewitt, 1832.
[62] At 34 George Street, Plymouth, White's Directory of Devonshire of 1850 selling fishing tackle.
[63] Eyre's Watering Places of the South of England, 1877.
[64] This also included wood engravings by Hearder and others; Somers Cocks J V, Topographical Prints of Devon, Exeter, Devon Library Service, 163, entry S.222).
[65] Batten and Bennett; 1996. See entries 63 and 71.
[66] See Batten,
Kit; The Tourist Maps of Devon; Little Silver Press; Exeter; 2011. An up-to-date
version is online at Kit´s Blog. Read´s map for Croydon is illustrated on page
199 (Croydon 2).
[67] British Map Engravers; Laurence Worms
and Ashley Baynton-Williams; Rare Book Society; London; 2011.
[68]
For example: "Lawn & Part
of Strand Dawlish Devon" showing buildings, cattle, sheep and shepherd,
after J.E. Chapman by W. Read (Somers Cocks 562). On sale via ABE Books
(February 2023).
[69] It would appear that Moore and Brown had some sort of contact, possibly
only postal. In the early 1830s, Moore was uncertain of Brown´s address: “I am
indebted for the materials of this article chiefly to Mr R Brown, architect, who
... is a native of Tamerton” (footnote p. 746 Vol. II). However, the footnote
on page 766, refers to Brown as a resident of Topsham. Brown is not registered
in Pigot (1830). Brown also executed some engravings for Moore´s work. See Kit
Batten; Jennings vs Fisher; privately printed; 2023. Copies at Devon Archives
Office and British Library.
[70] Bennett & Batten; Printed Maps of Exeter; Little Silver
Press; Exeter; 2010; entry 26. Batten, Kit; 2011; entry Besley 1.
[71] Batten, Kit; 2011; entries Cockrem 1-7.
[72] Although William died in 1845, his wife continued to run the
business as Mary Read & Co. A small part of the map title was changed from Map
of Torquay and its vicinity to Map of the South of Devon when it was
used for The Torquay Guide Third Edition (1848) and for The Teignmouth
Guide 14th to 16th editions (1849 to
c.1870). The only updating was the insertion of the railway to Torre. See
Batten (2010).
[73] See A &
C Black; 1860, in index p.539 as Family Hotel. Black´s Devonshire
(1st Edition), 1862. P.111 erroneously as Hearder´s London. Black´s; 1862 and also 1862 (1863). P.111
simply as Family. Murray; 1859
but 1860 (June). P.47 as Hearder´s Hotel. Murray; 1863 (July). P.61 as Queen´s
Hotel.
[74] The
railway reached Torre in 1848 which was then named Torquay. When the station
was extended to Tor Abbey in 1859, this became Torquay and the previous station
was renamed Torre.
[75] The railway reached Newton Abbot in December 1846. Kingskerswell
station did not open until 1853.
First Edition - Revised
This Edition published privately in 2023.
Copyright © 2023 Kit Batten.
A copy of this book has been lodged with Torquay Public Library.
Reference copies are available at Devon Archives and Heritage Centre, Exeter
An updated version of this monograph can be found on-line at:
https://hearders-family-hotel-torquay.blogspot.com/
Please note that the same copyright rules apply to the on-line version,
i.e., all images remain the property of the legal owner and cannot be used in any way without conforming to the standard rules and regulations concerning attribution of the same copyright.
For a full list of Kit Batten´s articles listed on-line go to:
https://welcome-to-kits-blog.blogspot.com/2021/12/blog-post.html
The moral right of Kit Batten to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the copyright holder.
Any illustrations used in this, or in the on-line version (https://edward-cockrem-torquay-life-and-works.blogspot.com/), may not be reproduced without the explicit consent of the copyright holder. A list of sources for all illustrations will be found at the back of this work.
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